| Article IV, Section 4: The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government... Amendment XIV, Section 1 [N]or shall any State...deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. "Prominent on the surface of any case held to involve a political question is found: (1) a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department; (2) or a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it; (3) or the impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion; (4) or the impossibility of a court's undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government; (5) or an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made; (6) or the potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question." (Baker v Carr) |
| Article I, Section 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Article I, Section 5: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members... Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member... (Powell v McCormack) |
| Article I, Section 3: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. (Nixon v U.S.) |