The Second Amendment 
A well regulated Militia, (1)
 being necessary to the security of a free State,
(2)
the right of the people
(3)
 to keep
(4)
 and bear
(5)
 Arms,
(6)
 shall not be infringed.
(7)


Questions:
(1) Does "well-regulated" suggest the framers had in mind an elite force, rather than a body comprised of most able-bodied men? (probably not)  What was a "militia," as opposed to other fighting forces such as standing armies?
(2) Does the reference to "security" suggest that the framers were not concerned about other uses of firearms, such as for hunting?  Does the reference to "State" suggest that the Amendment should not protect citizens of the District of Columbia or territories?  Does the prefatory clause qualify the right in the operative clause (the "big question")?
(3) Does reference to "the right" suggest that the right predated the Bill of Rights?  If not an individual right, then why is the right given to "the people" instead of to "militiamen" or "states"?  Does "the people" include convicted felons?
(4) If the right is only one to use arms in a militia, then why is there an explicit right "to keep" arms?
(5)  Does the right to "bear" arms suggest that the framers did not mean to give individuals a right to possess cannons?
(6)  What "arms" might be protected--only those used at the time of the Amendment's adoption? All those in common military use today?  All those commonly used by individuals for legitimate purposes, such as hunting or self-defense? (Note that the Supreme Court in 1939 held that a sawed-off shotgun was not a protected form of "arms" within the meaning of the Second Amendment.)
(7)  What constitutes an infringement of the right?  Does a background check violate the Second Amendment?  A ban on concealed carry?  A ban on taking weapon into public buildings?  A requirement than gun owners first complete a safety course?

Some Answers from Two Justices
(1) The meaning of the preface ("A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state"):
JUSTICE SCALIA, FOR THE COURT:
The preface does not limit or expand the scope of the operative clause that follows.
JUSTICE STEVENS, IN DISSENT:
The reference to militia limits the scope of the right to the bearing of arms related to service in a state militia.
(2) The meaning of "the right of the people":
JUSTICE SCALIA, FOR THE COURT:
The right to bear arms is an individual one, not a collective one.  Scalia finds similarity with 1st, 4th, and 9th Amendment individual rights.
JUSTICE STEVENS, IN DISSENT:
Stevens notes that the majority opinion does not extend the right to all of the people, excluding felons and the mentally ill.
(3) The meaning of "keep":
JUSTICE SCALIA, FOR THE COURT:
"Keep arms" means to "have weapons."
JUSTICE STEVENS, IN DISSENT:
Stevens notes that state militia laws at the time of the Bill of Rights required members to store ("keep") arms in their homes, so they could serve the militia on short notice.
(4) The meaning of "bear arms":
JUSTICE SCALIA, FOR THE COURT:
Scalia reads as meaning (using a 1771 definition of arms) as "any thing that a man wears for his defence."  Scalia interprets protected arms to be any weapons in common use today for self-defense or hunting, not just weapons in use in 1789.
JUSTICE STEVENS, IN DISSENT:
Stevens reads as an idiom meaning "to serve as a soldier, do military service."

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